The Oromo people remained independent until the last decade of the 19th century. The Gadaa system can be listed as one of the true origin of modern day democratic leadership. Gadaa system is a system in which elected officials including the Abba Gadaa (President), the Abbaa Duulaa (Commander of the army), the Abbaa Horii (chief of the treasury), and nine Hayyuus (Judges) assumed public office for non-renewable 8 years’ terms. The Oromo people developed an indigenous democratic system called Gadaa. Inspite of all these advantages, a century of colonization by Abyssinia (Ethiopia) a back-ward nation itself, has meant that the Oromo people have endured a stagnant existence where ignorance and famine have been coupled with ruthless oppression, subjugation, exploitation and above all extermination.
Oromia has hosted numerous pioneering human achievements including the development of the earliest pebble tools (circa 7000 b.c), the domestication of animals (circa 5000 b.c), and regional trade in antiquity in gold, ivory, etc. Long back in history, Oromia is the locale of the 3.5 million years old Lucy (the common name to several hundred pieces of bone representing about 40 % of the skeleton of an individual Australopithecus afarensis that discovered in 1974) or Chaltu in Oromo language. These are Waaqeffanna (the traditional belief in Waaqaa or God), Islam and Christianity (Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant). The Oromo people mainly practice three different religions.
This makes the Oromo is the third nationality in Africa and single largest nationality in east Africa. The Oromo population is more than 50 million currently, but the Ethiopian government reported the Oromo people as only 35 million now. Oromo language is categorized as a Cushitic language and it is the third most widely spoken language in Africa, after Arabic and Hausa. The original inhabitants of Oromia, the Oromo people, speak and share one common language known as Afaan Oromoo also known as Oromo Language.
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Oromia was one of the free nations in the horn of Africa until its colonization and occupation by Abyssinia (Ethiopia) at the end of nineteenth century. Oromia borders Abyssinia in the north, Ogaden and Somalia in the east and south-east, South sudan and Sudan to the west and Kenya in the south. Out of more than 55 African countires Oromia is exceeded in size by only 17 countries.
It means, it is larger than France, and if Cuba, Bulgaria and Britain were put together, they would be approximately equal to Oromia in size. Oromia is 375,000 square miles or 600,000 square kilometers. The Oromo people's home land known as Oromia is approximately located between 3 & 15 degrees’ north latitude and 33 & 40 degrees longitude. They have distinguished themselves throughout history for their strong military organization. Oromo are mainly farmers and cattle herders. They are mainly Christian and Muslim, while only 3% still follows the traditional religion based on the worshipping of the god Waaq. Oromo people speak Afaan Oromoo, as well as Amharic, Tigrinya, Gurange and Omotic languages. The oral tradition is very rich and nowadays there are enough literary works written in Oromo modern arts like music and folk arts. It has its own script and it can be written with Latin script. In Oromia, it has the status of an official language. In United States, Australia, Canada and different Europe cities people are speaking and communities are teaching their kids and foreigners those interested communications in Afaan Oromoo also taking the Oromo class. There are more Oromo speakers abroad than the resident population in Ethiopia. Oromo language is a Cushitic language spoken by more than about 50 million people in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Egypt and is the 3rd largest language in Africa. The Oromo language, also known as Afaan Oromo. They are the single most dominant largest ethnic group in Ethiopia, where the Oromia country contains a huge Ethiopia's land area and population.
The Oromo are indigenous African people inhabiting the North Eastern part of Africa.
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